REALISM IN AMERICAN LITERATURE IN THE LATE NINETEENTH AND EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURIES

REALISM IN AMERICAN LITERATURE IN THE LATE NINETEENTH AND EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURIES

CONTENT

INTRODUCTION…………………………………………..…………………….3

CHAPTER I REALISM IN AMERICAN LITERATURE…………………..…6

1.1. Realism in American literature information………………………………6

1.2.Other Views of Realism………………………………………………..….9

1.3. Concept of realism in american literature……………………………..…12

CHAPTER II REALISM IN AMERICAN LITERATURE IN THE LATE NINETEENTH……………………………………………………….………….15

2.1. Significance of Realism in American Literature…………………......….15

2.2. The impact of realism on the literary landscape of the time…………...…19

2.3. Key themes and characteristics of realist literature………………………22

CHAPTER III REALISM AND ITS CULTURAL CONTEXT………………24

3.1. Social and Historical Influences on Realism………………………….…24

3.2. Realism as a Response to Romanticism……………………………….…25

3.3. Realism and Social Critique…………………………………………..…27

CONCLUSION……………………………………………………………..…….29

REFERENCES……………………………………………………………………32

INTRODUCTION

Relevance of the topic of the course work:Introduction to Realism in American Literature in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries.The late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries marked a significant shift in American literature, as writers turned away from the romantic idealism of the preceding era and embraced a more realistic approach to portraying the world around them. This literary movement, known as Realism, emerged as a response to the social, political, and cultural changes sweeping through America during this time.Realism, as a literary movement, aimed to present an objective and accurate depiction of reality, focusing on the ordinary lives of everyday people. It sought to shed light on the complexities of human nature, society, and the challenges faced by individuals in an evolving nation. Realist writers rejected the romantic emphasis on imagination, idealism, and transcendentalism, instead grounding their narratives in the tangible and the commonplace.The late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries were characterized by significant transformations in American society. Industrialization, urbanization, and the aftermath of the Civil War had a profound impact on the nation and its people. Realist writers sought to capture the effects of these changes on individuals and communities, exploring themes of social inequality, class divisions, gender roles, and the consequences of the American Dream.Prominent realist writers of this period include Mark Twain, Henry James, Edith Wharton, and Theodore Dreiser, among others. Their works provided insightful commentaries on the human condition, exposing the complexities and contradictions of American society. Through their realistic portrayals of characters, settings, and social dynamics, these writers tackled issues such as moral dilemmas, the limitations of social conventions, the impact of industrialization, and racial tensions.Realism in American literature was not limited to the written word. It found expression in other art forms as well, including painting, photography, and theater. Realist painters sought to capture the everyday realities of American life, while photographers documented the urban landscapes and social conditions of the time. In theater, naturalistic dramas emerged, reflecting the emphasis on the accurate portrayal of human behavior and societal dynamics.The legacy of Realism in American literature is far-reaching. It influenced subsequent literary movements, such as Naturalism and Modernism, and shaped the development of American literary identity. Realist works continue to be studied and appreciated for their insights into the social, cultural, and psychological complexities of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. By examining the works of realist writers, we gain a deeper understanding of the challenges, aspirations, and contradictions that shaped American society during this transformative period.In this chapter, we will explore the key characteristics of Realism, examine the works of influential realist writers, discuss the prevalent themes and topics in realist literature, and analyze the impact of Realism on other art forms. By delving into the world of realism in American literature, we can gain valuable insights into the social and cultural fabric of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In addition to the introduction provided, let's delve further into the characteristics and context of Realism in American literature during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.Realism emerged as a literary response to the rapid changes that were reshaping American society. The aftermath of the Civil War, the rise of industrialization, urbanization, and the influx of immigrants created a complex and diverse landscape. Realist writers sought to capture the realities of this changing world and provide a nuanced portrayal of everyday life.One of the key characteristics of Realism was its objective portrayal of reality. Realist writers aimed to depict the world as it was, without embellishment or idealization. They focused on ordinary characters and everyday situations, exploring the lives of common people rather than the extraordinary or mythical. By doing so, they brought a sense of authenticity and relatability to their narratives.Realist literature also placed great emphasis on detail and accuracy. Writers painstakingly observed and described the physical environment, social customs, and mannerisms of their characters. By capturing these details, they aimed to provide a comprehensive and lifelike representation of the world they were portraying.Realist writers also delved into social issues and class divisions. They explored the impact of industrialization and urbanization on individuals and communities, shedding light on working conditions, poverty, and social inequality. Realism often depicted the struggles of individuals caught in the changing dynamics of a rapidly modernizing society.Psychological realism and interiority played a significant role in Realism. Writers delved into the inner thoughts, emotions, and motivations of their characters, providing a deeper understanding of human psychology and the complexities of personal experiences. This focus on the inner lives of characters added depth and complexity to realist narratives.