Rossiya: Tarix va Madaniyat

Rossiya kultura Rossii sostavlyaet bolshuyu chast' russkogo nematerial'nogo naslediya. Ona ob"yedinyaet traditsii mnogochislennykh narodov Rusi, otrazhaet istoricheskiye sobytiya, geograficheskiye osobennosti, vliyaniye drugikh kultur i mirovozzreniy. Imena deyateley russkoy kultury izvestny vo vsem mire: Dostoyevskiy, Tolstoy, Chaykovskiy, Glinka, Pushkin, Akhmatova i mnogiye drugiye. Proizvedeniya russkikh pisateley perevedeny na mnogie yazyki. Postanovki "Lebedinogo ozera" ili "Shchyolkunchika" s uspekhom prokhodyat na stsena kh raznykh teatrov. Dolgoye vremya russkaya zhivopis ogranichivalas' rospisyu ikon. U kazhdogo iz znamenitykh masterov byl svoy stil'. Naprimer, ikony Andreya Rublyova sil'no otlichalis' ot ikon, sozdannykh Feofanom Grekom. Vo vremya pravleniya Petra I v Rossiyu pronikli zapadnyye tekhniki ispolneniya. Nachali sozdavat' peyzazhi, portrety, natyurmorty. K nachalu XX veka cherez peyzazhi peredavali ne tol'ko krasotu prirody, no i sostoyaniye dushi avtora. V nachale XX veka raztsveli napravleniya modernizma i avangarda. Kazimir Malevich, rabotaya v tekhnike avangarda, sozdal novoye napravleniye — suprematizm. Etot zhanr khorosho otrazhayet yego kartinu "Chyornyy kvadrat".