ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ ГРАММАТИКА АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА (МОРФОЛОГИЯ)

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ ГРАММАТИКА

АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА

(МОРФОЛОГИЯ)

CONTENTS

Introduction. Grammatical structure of the English language

ACCIDENCE

General classification of the parts of speech 

Chapter I. THE NOUN

§ 1. Definition 

§ 2. Morphological characteristics 

§ 3. Syntactical characteristics 

§ 4. Morphological composition 

§ 5. Classification 

§ 6. The category of number 

§ 7. The category of case

Chapter II. THE ARTICLE

§ 1. General notion

§ 2. Functions of the Article

Use of articles with common nouns

§ 1—4. Class nouns 

§ 5—7. Nouns of material

§ 8—11. Abstract nouns 

Use of articles with proper nouns

§ 12. Names of persons 

§ 13. Geographical names 

§ 14. Names of hotels, ships, newspapers and magazines

§ 15. Names of cardinal points

§ 16. Names of months and days

§ 17. Nouns modified by proper nouns.

Use of articles with nouns in some set expressions 

§ 18. The use of the indefinite article with nouns in set ex­pressions 

§ 19. The use of the definite article with nouns in set expressions 

§ 20. Nouns in set expressions used without an article 

Use of articles in some syntactic relations

§ 21. The use of articles with predicative nouns 

§ 22. The use of articles with nouns in apposition 

§ 23. The use of articles with nouns used in address 

§ 24. Place of the article 

§ 25. Ways of expressing the meaning of the English articles in Russian

Special difficulties in the use of articles

§ 26. The use of articles with the nouns day, night, morning, evening

§ 27. The use of articles with names of seasons

§ 28. The use of articles with nouns school, college, prison, jail, bed 

§ 29. The use of article with the noun town

§ 30. The use of articles with the name of meals

§ 31. The use of articles with names of languages

Use of articles with nouns modified by certain adjectives, pronouns and numerals

§ 32. Most

§ 33. Few, a few, the few, little, a little, the little

§ 34. Two, the two, three, the three etc

§ 35. The second, a second

§ 36. Another, the other

§ 37. Last, the last

§ 38. Next, the next

§ 39. A number, the number

§ 40. Omission of the Article

Chapter III. THE ADJECTIVE

§ 1. Definition

§ 2. Morphological characteristics

§ 3. Spelling rules

§ 4. Syntactic characteristics

§ 5. Morphological composition

§ 6. Classification

§ 7. Grammatical characteristics of qualitative adjective

§ 8. Grammatical characteristics of relative adjective

§ 9. Substantivized adjectives

Chapter IV. THE PRONOUN

§ 1. Definition

§ 2. Classification

§ 3. Personal Pronouns                                                                           

§ 4. Possessive Pronouns                                                                         

§ 5. Reflexive Pronouns                                                                           

§ 6. Reciprocal Pronouns                                                                       

§ 7. Demonstrative Pronouns                                                                 

§ 8. Interrogative Pronouns                                                                     

§ 9. Relative Pronouns                                                                           

§ 10. Conjunctive Pronouns                                                                     

§ 11. Defining Pronouns                                                                           

§ 12. Indefinite Pronouns                                                                         

§ 13. Negative Pronouns                                                                           

Chapter V. THE NUMERAL

§ 1. Definition

§ 2. Cardinal numerals

§ 3. The functions of the cardinal numerals in the sentence

§ 4. Ordinal numerals

§ 5. The function of ordinal numerals in the sentence

Chapter VI

THE WORDS OF THE CATEGORY OF STATE

§ 1. Definition

§ 2 - 4. Morphological composition and use

Chapter VII. THE ADVERB

§ 1. Definition

§ 2. Morphological composition

§ 3. Degrees of comparison

§ 4. Classification

Chapter VIII. THE MODAL WORDS

§ 1. Definition

§ 2. Classification

§ 3. Use

§ 4. Modal words and adverbs

Chapter IX. THE INTERJECTION

§ 1. Definition

§ 2. Classification

§ 3. Morphological composition 

Chapter X. THE PREPOSITION

§ 1. Definition

§ 2. Morphological structure

§ 3. Classification

§ 4. Prepositions, adverbs and conjunctions

§ 5. Prepositions and postpositions

Chapter XI. THE CONJUNCTION

§ 1. Definition

§ 2. Morphological structure

§ 3. Classification

§ 4. Coordinating conjunctions

§ 5. Subordinating conjunctions

Chapter XII. THE PARTICLE

§ 1. Definition

§ 2. Classification

Chapter XIII. THE VERB

§ 1. Definition

§ 2. Morphological structure                                                                   

§ 3. Basic forms

§ 4. Syntactic function

§ 5. Transitive and intransitive verbs

§ 6. Lexical character

§ 7 – 10. Grammatical categories

TENSES IN THE ACTIVE VOICE                                                 

The Indefinite Form                                                        

§ 1. The use of the Present Indefinite

§ 2. The use of the Past Indefinite                                                                           

§ 3. The use of the Future Indefinite                                                                        

The Continuous Form

§ 4. The use of the Present Continuous                                                                   

§ 5. The use of the Past Continuous                                                                          

§ 6. The use of the Future Continuous                                                                     

The Perfect Form                                                                               

§ 7. The use of the Present Perfect                                                                           

§ 8. The Past Indefinite and Present Perfect                                       

§ 9. The use of the Past Perfect                                                                                

§ 10. Past Indefinite and Past Perfect                                                 

§ 11. The Future Perfect                                                                                                                                                                                                       

The Perfect Continuous Form                   

§ 12. The Present Perfect Continuous                                                                   

§ 13. Present Perfect Continuous Inclusive and the Present Continuous

§ 14. The Present Perfect and the Present Perfect Continuous Exclusive                   

§ 15. The Past Perfect Continuous

§ 16. The Past Perfect Continuous Inclusive and Past Continuous

§ 17. The use of the Future Perfect Continuous

The Passive Voice

§ 18. The use of the Passive Voice

§ 19. The use of tenses in the Passive Voice

§ 20. Ways of translating the Passive Voice into Russian

§ 21. Uses of the Passive Voice peculiar to the English lan­guage 

§ 22. The PassiveVoice and the Nominal Predicate 

Modal Verbs 

§ 1. Definition

§ 2. Can

§ 3. May

§ 4. Must 

§ 5. Should and ought 

§ 6. To be + Infinitive 

§ 7. To have + Infinitive 

§ 8. Shall 

§ 9. Will

§ 10. Would 

§ 11. Dare 

§ 12. Need 

Mood

The Subjunctive Mood

§ 1. General notion 

§ 2. Synthetic forms

§ 3. Analytical forms 

§ 4. The forms of the Indicative Mood used to express the same meaning as is expressed by the Subjunctive Mood 

        The use of the Subjunctive Mood

§ 5. Simple sentences 

§ 6. Conditional sentences 

§ 7. Adverbial clauses of purpose

§ 8. Adverbial clauses of concession

§ 9. Adverbial clauses of time and place

§ 10. Adverbial clauses of comparison 

§ 11. Predicative clauses. 

§ 12. Subject clauses 

§ 13. Object clauses 

§ 14. Attributive appositive clauses 

§ 15. Attributive clauses modifying the noun time in the princi­pal clause 

§ 16. Emotional use of the Subjunctive Mood 

Chapter VIII. THE NON-FINITE FORMS OF THE VERD (THE VERBALS)

§ 1. Definition 

§ 2. The characteristic traits of the verbals

The Participle 

§ 3. General notion

§ 4. Double nature of the participle 

§ 5. Tense distinctions 

§ 6. Voice distinctions 

§ 7. Functions of Participle I in the sentence

§ 8. Functions of Participle II in the sentence

§ 9. Predicative constructions with the participle 

§ 10. The Objective Participial Construction

§ 11. The Subjective Participial Construction 

§ 12. The Nominative Absolute Participial Construction 

§ 13. The Prepositional Absolute Participial Construction 

§ 14. Absolute constructions without a participle 

The Gerund 

§ 15. General notion 

§ 16. Double nature of the gerund

§ 17. Tense distinctions 

§ 18. Voice distinctions 

§ 19. Predicative constructions with the Gerund

§ 20. The use of the Gerund 

§ 21. The functions of the Gerund in the sentence

§ 22. The Gerund and the Infinitive

§ 23. The Gerund and the Participle

The Infinitive 

§ 24. General notion 

§ 25. Tense and aspect distinctions of the Infinitive

§ 26. Voice distinctions 

§ 27. The use of the Infinitive without the particle to

§ 28. The functions of the Infinitive

§ 29. Infinitive constructions

§ 30. The Objective-with-the Infinitive Construction 

§ 31. The Subjective Infinitive Construction

§ 32. The for-to-Infinitive Construction